Scaling and scaleups have gained significant attention in recent years, as they significantly contribute to economic growth, value and wealth creation, competitiveness, employment, and technological change and can have material social impact. At the same time, scaling poses multiple challenges such as managing rapid growth while attaining or maintaining profitability and organizational control, attracting and retaining resources such as funding and talent while establishing and elaborating organizational processes and structures, rapidly replicating standard practices and business models while adapting to diverse local environments, as well as dynamically responding to shifting competitive, regulatory and geopolitical landscapes while maintaining focus and competitive advantage. Despite emergent insights into underlying drivers and challenges, there is still much to learn about scaling and scaleups. The ESI Conference serves as a platform for discussing original research and insights about the nature, fundamental issues, determinants, and consequences of scaling and scaleups.